Support AG Bell Today

Understanding the Impact of an Audiogram on LSL Growth

When audiologists provide detailed audiograms and regular evaluations, deaf educators and language specialists can better understand and support the impact of hearing loss on students’ language development.

Everyone benefits when deaf educators have a clear understanding of how a detailed audiogram helps with the development of Listening and Spoken Language (LSL). When an audiologist completes regular audiological evaluations on pediatric patients deaf educators, Listening and Spoken Language Specialists, and speech-language pathologists benefit from the information to help account for the impact of the student’s hearing loss on their language development.

In school-age children, often hearing loss can fluctuate so it is important to update the audiogram annually. The configuration and severity of a child’s hearing loss directly impact the access a child has to prosody and speech acoustics. A screening audiogram from 500-4000Hz doesn’t always give a student’s educational team enough information to inform decisions.

While this article provides a very basic overview of this topic, understanding the parameters of a student’s access to sound can help educators develop strategies to ensure their students who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) have the most access to language as they grow and learn.

What is an Audiogram?

An audiogram is a graph that depicts a person’s ability to hear sound at different frequencies and volumes, typically ranging from 250Hz to 8000Hz. Understanding the impact of an audiogram on LSL development is crucial for practitioners to help them determine the educational implications of a student’s hearing loss and how it affects their ability to access speech sounds. Particularly, information at 250Hz and beyond 4000Hz is critically important for someone to access multiple formants of speech.

Why a Student’s Access to Speech Sounds Matters

Development of speech sounds is integral to oral reading fluency and speech intelligibility. Working with a Listening and Spoken Language Specialist on a various auditory tasks, such as auditory association, auditory discrimination, auditory memory, auditory closure, and auditory figure ground tasks, can help strengthen compensatory strategies for building listening skills.

However, practitioners must know a student’s ability to access the specific formants for individual speech sounds so they can adjust learning strategies to support the student’s language and literacy development. For example, the 1st and 4th formants are key formants for discriminating between speech sounds. If a student doesn’t have access to 4th formant information, /sh/ and /ch/ will be indistinguishable from one another. If a student doesn’t have access to first formant information, /m/, /n/, and /ng/ will be indistinguishable from one another.

Imagine a child with a significant hearing loss in the high frequencies, beyond 4000Hz. In this case, the audiogram would indicate poorer hearing sensitivity to the 4th formant of consonant sounds. This means the child might struggle to differentiate similar-sounding consonants like /s/ and /sh/, leading to potential speech intelligibility challenges.

Consider a child with hearing loss in the low frequencies, below 250Hz. In this scenario, the child may have difficulty perceiving the 1st formant of consonant sounds. As a result, distinguishing between vowels that primarily differ in the first formant, such as /i/ and /u/, can be challenging for the child.

Let’s suppose a child exhibits an audiogram with a dip in hearing sensitivity at 2000Hz. This dip could affect their ability to perceive the 2nd formant, impacting their discrimination of consonant sounds like /t/ and /d/, which primarily differ in the 2nd formant frequency.

Accessing a Complete Audiogram

Complete evaluations of pediatric patients are necessary to provide practitioners with the essential information they need. By accessing a child’s audiogram, practitioners gain insights into the configuration (shape) and degree of the hearing loss, particularly, when they focus on the information at frequencies around 250Hz and beyond 4000Hz.

This speech spectrum audiogram from Teacher Tools Takeout has been useful in explaining the implications of a student’s audiogram as related to their accessibility to specific formants for the individual sounds of speech.

Plainly put, an audiogram that only screens sounds from 500-4000Hz doesn’t give a child’s educational team enough information about the student’s accessibility to make informed decisions. To have all the necessary information to make appropriate recommendations and decisions for a student, the educational team must have a complete audiogram that affords them a clearer picture of the student’s accessibility to speech sounds across all four formants.

Jennifer Shell lives in Texas. An educator of the deaf for  20+ years, she also has a genetic hearing loss. She is the Deaf Educator for the Hill Country Special Education Co-op servicing the rural districts of Doss ISD, Harper ISD, Comfort ISD, and Fredericksburg ISD.

El impacto de un audiograma detallado en el desarrollo de la Escucha y el Lenguaje Hablado

Cuando los educadores de sordos comprenden con claridad la manera en que un audiograma detallado contribuye al desarrollo de la Escucha y el Lenguaje Hablado, los beneficios son enormes para todos los implicados. Cuando un audiólogo realiza evaluaciones audiológicas periódicas a pacientes pediátricos, los educadores de sordos, los especialistas en Escucha y Lenguaje Hablado, y los fonoaudiólogos/logopedas se benefician de la información para explicar el impacto de la pérdida auditiva del alumno en el desarrollo del lenguaje.

En el caso de los niños en edad escolar, las pérdidas auditivas fluctúan con frecuencia, por lo que es importante actualizar el audiograma anualmente. La configuración y la gravedad de la pérdida auditiva de un niño influyen directamente en el acceso a la prosodia y a la acústica del habla. Un audiograma de detección de 500-4000 Hz no siempre facilita información suficiente al equipo educativo del alumno para tomar decisiones informadas.

Si bien en este artículo se facilita una visión muy básica del tema, la comprensión de los parámetros del acceso de un alumno al sonido puede ayudar a los educadores a desarrollar estrategias que garanticen que sus alumnos con sordera o hipoacusia tengan el máximo acceso al lenguaje a medida que crecen y aprenden.

¿Qué es un audiograma?

Un audiograma es un gráfico que representa la capacidad de una persona de oír sonidos a diferentes frecuencias y volúmenes, que suelen oscilar entre 250 Hz y 8000 Hz. La comprensión del impacto de un audiograma en el desarrollo de la Escucha y Lenguaje Hablado es crucial para los profesionales, ya que les ayuda a determinar las implicaciones educativas de la pérdida auditiva de un alumno y cómo influye en su capacidad de acceder a los sonidos del habla. En concreto, la información a 250 Hz y por encima de 4000 Hz es de vital importancia para que una persona pueda acceder a múltiples formantes del habla.

Por qué es importante el acceso del alumno a los sonidos del habla

El desarrollo de los sonidos del habla es fundamental para la fluidez de la lectura oral y la inteligibilidad del habla. Trabajar con un Especialista en Escucha y Lenguaje Hablado en diversas tareas auditivas, como asociación auditiva, discriminación auditiva, memoria auditiva y cierre auditivo, así como tareas de discriminación figura-fondo auditiva, puede ayudar a reforzar las estrategias compensatorias para desarrollar las habilidades de escucha.

No obstante, es fundamental que los profesionales conozcan el acceso que tiene un alumno a los formantes específicos de cada sonido del habla para que adapten las estrategias de aprendizaje y respalden su desarrollo del lenguaje y la lectoescritura. Por ejemplo, los formantes 1º y 4º son fundamentales para distinguir los sonidos del habla. Si un alumno no tiene acceso a la información del formante 4º, no podrá distinguir entre los sonidos /sh/ y /ch/. En el caso de que no tenga acceso a la información del primer formante, no podrá distinguir entre los sonidos /m/, /n/ y /ng/.

Supongamos que un niño tiene una pérdida auditiva significativa en las frecuencias altas, por encima de 4000 Hz. En este caso, el audiograma indicaría una menor sensibilidad auditiva al formante 4º de sonidos consonánticos, lo que significaría que podría tener dificultades para diferenciar consonantes de sonido similar como /s/ y /sh/, lo que sería un impedimento potencial para la inteligibilidad del habla.

Consideremos que un niño tiene una pérdida auditiva significativa en las frecuencias bajas, por debajo de 250 Hz. En este caso, podría tener dificultades para percibir el primer formante de sonidos consonánticos, por lo que le resultaría complicado distinguir entre vocales que difieran principalmente en el primer formante, como /i/ y /u/.

Supongamos que un niño presenta un audiograma con una disminución en la sensibilidad auditiva a 2000 Hz. Esta disminución podría influir en su capacidad de percibir el segundo formante, lo que repercutiría en la discriminación de sonidos consonánticos como /t/ y /d/, que difieren principalmente en la frecuencia del segundo formante.

Acceso a un audiograma completo

Las evaluaciones completas de pacientes pediátricos son necesarias para proporcionar a los profesionales la información esencial que necesitan. Al acceder al audiograma de un niño, los profesionales obtienen información sobre la configuración (forma) y el grado de la pérdida auditiva, especialmente cuando se centran en la información de las frecuencias alrededor de 250 Hz y por encima de 4000 Hz.

Este audiograma del espectro del habla de Teacher Tools Takeout es útil para explicar las implicaciones del audiograma de un alumno en relación con su accesibilidad a formantes específicos de los sonidos individuales del habla.

En pocas palabras, un audiograma en el que solo se representen los sonidos de 500-4000 Hz no facilitará al equipo educativo de un alumno suficiente información sobre su accesibilidad para tomar decisiones informadas. Con el fin de disponer de toda la información necesaria para facilitar recomendaciones adecuadas y tomar decisiones apropiadas, es extremadamente importante que el equipo educativo tenga en su poder un audiograma completo que le permita hacerse una idea más clara de la accesibilidad del alumno a los sonidos del habla en los cuatro formantes.

Jennifer Shell reside en Texas. Es educadora de sordos desde hace más de 20 años y tiene una pérdida auditiva genética. Es la educadora de sordos de la cooperativa Hill Country Special Education Co-op que atiende a los distritos rurales de Doss ISD, Harper ISD, Comfort ISD y Fredericksburg ISD.

Stay in the Loop with AG Bell!

Be the first to know about webinars, events, symposiums, and more.

  • Timely Announcements

    Stay informed about upcoming conferences, webinars, and public events.

  • Professional Insights

    Get updates on thought leadership in hearing health, education, and innovation.

  • Free Resources

    Access toolkits, expert tips, and opportunities to engage.

  • Resource Library

    Get answers with access to our information library

  • Volta Voices

    A bilingual magazine with in-depth stories about growing up with hearing loss

  • Community Connections

    Learn how you can support or collaborate with the hearing loss community.

Whether you're an educator, audiologist, medical provider, business, or advocate—there's something for you.

Get updates delivered straight to your inbox.

AG Bell membership for families is always free!

  • Financial Support

    Scholarships for technology, therapy, and education

  • Professional Guidance

    Speak to a parent who's been there or search for a certified therapist.

  • State Chapters

    Connect with and get support from local families like yours!

  • Resource Library

    Get answers with access to our information library

  • Volta Voices

    A bilingual magazine with in-depth stories about growing up with hearing loss

  • Loft & Leap

    Access to leadership & educational programs for teens

Seeking an AG Bell professional membership?

Get listed on our searchable professional directory, find educational and research resources, scholarships and mentorship.

Stay in the Loop with AG Bell!

Be the first to know about webinars, events, symposiums, and more.

  • Timely Announcements

    Stay informed about upcoming conferences, webinars, and public events.

  • Professional Insights

    Get updates on thought leadership in hearing health, education, and innovation.

  • Free Resources

    Access toolkits, expert tips, and opportunities to engage.

  • Resource Library

    Get answers with access to our information library

  • Volta Voices

    A bilingual magazine with in-depth stories about growing up with hearing loss

  • Community Connections

    Learn how you can support or collaborate with the hearing loss community.

Whether you're an educator, audiologist, medical provider, business, or advocate—there's something for you.

Get updates delivered straight to your inbox.

Professional Membership Has Its Benefits

Join today to connect with fellow members, exchange insights, get listed in our global directory, and celebrate the journey of listening & spoken language.

Professional benefits include:

  • Continuing Education Units (CEUs)

    Earn CEUs through the AG Bell Academy, at our yearly Symposium, or through events held throughout the year for members

  • $100 off Exam Fees

    Take your Listening and Spoken Language Specialist (LSLS®) certification exam for less!

  • Event Discounts

    Discounted registration to AG Bell’s symposium and other events, plus special discounts on travel, restaurants, retail shops and more

  • LSL Professional Directory

    Get listed and found by families that need your services and students that want your mentorship

  • LSL Leading Edge

    An exclusive e-newsletter for AG Bell professional members packed with the latest news and developments in hearing health and the listening & spoken language field

  • Volta Voices 

    AG Bell’s award-winning, quarterly digital magazine in English and Spanish

  • Access to AG Bell’s Network

    Connect with 40+ state chapters located throughout the United States and Puerto Rico

  • Professional Opportunities

    Get involved in AG Bell through committees, task forces, councils and other venues for members to interact and contribute meaningfully

  • The Volta Review 

    Stay current with the latest research through our peer-reviewed, online professional research journal

Seeking membership as a friend or family member?

Membership is always free for family & friends of people who are deaf or hard of hearing and helps connect individuals to our professional community!